Thử thách :

Pi được cho là vô hạn. Điều đó có nghĩa là mọi số được chứa bên trong phần thập phân của số pi. Nhiệm vụ của bạn sẽ là lấy một số nguyên dương trên đầu vào và trả về vị trí của số này bằng chữ số pi trên đầu ra.

Ví dụ: nếu đầu vào là 59, chúng tôi sẽ trả lại4

Đây là lý do tại sao: chúng ta sẽ tìm số 59trong các chữ số của pi

3.14159265...
     ^^

Giá trị bắt đầu từ chữ số thứ 4, vì vậy đầu ra sẽ là 4.

Một số ví dụ khác:

input : 1      output : 1
input : 65     output : 7
input : 93993  output : 42
input : 3      output : 9

Quy tắc :

• Bạn không phải xử lý các chữ số không tồn tại trong 200 chữ số đầu tiên
• Các sơ hở tiêu chuẩn, như mọi khi, bị cấm.
• Đây là codegolf , vì vậy càng ít byte thắng.

Python 2, 69 75 71 67 byte

Đã lưu 4 byte do caird coinheringaahing .

x=p=1333
while~-p:x=p/2*x/p+2*10**200;p-=2
print`x`.find(input(),1)

Không tìm thấy 3ở vị trí 0 có giá 6 2 byte. Đầu vào được đưa ra dưới dạng một chuỗi.

Hãy thử trực tuyến!

Phiên bản không giới hạn

Python 2, 224 byte

def g():
 q,r,t,i,j=1,0,1,0,1
 while True:
  i+=1;j+=2;q,r,t=q*i,(2*q+r)*j,t*j;n=(q+r)/t
  if n*t>4*q+r-t:yield n;q,r=10*q,10*(r-n*t)
a=input()
l=len(`a`)
s=z=10**l;i=1-l
p=g().next;p()
while s!=a:s=(s*10+p())%z;i+=1
print i

Sử dụng một spigot không giới hạn dựa trên cùng một công thức được sử dụng ở trên.

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Phiên bản nhanh hơn

from gmpy2 import mpz
def g():
  # Ramanujan 39, multi-digit
  q, r, s ,t = mpz(0), mpz(3528), mpz(1), mpz(0)
  i = 1
  z = mpz(10)**3511
  while True:
    n = (q+r)/(s+t)
    if n == (22583*i*q+r)/(22583*i*s+t):
      for d in digits(n, i>597 and 3511 or 1): yield d
      q, r = z*(q-n*s), z*(r-n*t)
    u, v, x = mpz(1), mpz(0), mpz(1)
    for k in range(596):
      c, d, f = i*(i*(i*32-48)+22)-3, 21460*i-20337, -i*i*i*24893568
      u, v, x = u*c, (u*d+v)*f, x*f
      i += 1
    q, r, s, t = q*u, q*v+r*x, s*u, s*v+t*x

def digits(x, n):
  o = []
  for k in range(n):
    x, r = divmod(x, 10)
    o.append(r)
  return reversed(o)

a=input()
l=len(`a`)
s=z=10**l;i=1-l
p=g().next;p()
while s!=a:s=(s*10+p())%z;i+=1
print i

Một spigot không giới hạn nhanh hơn nhiều, dựa trên Ramanujan # 39 .

Hãy thử trực tuyến!

Husk , 5 byte

€tİπd

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Giải trình

€tİπd                              59
    d  Convert to base-10 digits   [5,9]
  İπ     The digits of pi          [3,1,4,1,5,9..]
 t       Remove the first element  [1,4,1,5,9,2..]
€      Index of the sublist        4

Excel, 212 byte

=FIND(A1,"14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899862803482534211706798214808651328230664709384460955058223172535940812848111745028410270193852110555964462294895493038196")

Excel chỉ xử lý 15 vị trí thập phân nên pi chỉ được mã hóa cứng. Đây phải là một giới hạn trên khá yếu cho thử thách này.

Java 8, 615 217 202 184 182 166 165 byte (tính 999 200 chữ số)

n->{var t=java.math.BigInteger.TEN.pow(200);var r=t;for(int p=667;p-->1;)r=t.valueOf(p).multiply(r).divide(t.valueOf(p-~p)).add(t).add(t);return(r+"").indexOf(n,1);}

1 chỉ mục

Hãy thử trực tuyến.

Nội dung của Java Math.PIcó độ chính xác 15 giá trị thập phân, giống như nhiều ngôn ngữ khác. Để có nhiều chữ số hơn, bạn sẽ phải tự tính toán chúng bằng BigIntegershoặc BigDecimals. Đây là một cách để làm điều đó .. Có lẽ ai đó có thể đánh gôn dưới 211 byte, lol ..
EDIT: Tạo một cổng của câu trả lời Python 2 của @primo (đảm bảo nâng cao anh ta!), Vì vậy việc tính toán ngắn hơn khó -coding không còn quá xa vời nữa.Chỉ cần thêm 7 byte để chơi golf cho nó ngắn hơn.

-15 byte nhờ @Neil , làm cho nó ngắn hơn câu trả lời được mã hóa cứng dưới đây!
-36 byte nhờ @primo .
-1 byte thay đổi java.math.BigInteger t=null,T=t.TEN.pow(200),r=T;thành var T=java.math.BigInteger.TEN.pow(200);var r=T;, vì varngắn hơn 1 byte so vớinull (phải yêu Java 10 mới).

Giải trình:

n->{                            // Method with String parameter and integer return-type
  var t=java.math.BigInteger.TEN.pow(200);
                                //  Temp BigInteger with value 10^200
  var r=t;                      //  Result BigInteger, also starting at 10^200
  for(int p=667;                //  Index-integer, starting at 667
      p-->1;)                   //  Loop as long as this integer is still larger than 1
                                //  (decreasing `p` by 1 before every iteration with `p--`)
    r=                          //   Replace the Result BigInteger with:
      t.valueOf(p)              //    `p`
       .multiply(r)             //    multiplied by `r`,
       .divide(t.valueOf(p-~p)) //    divided by `2*p+1`
       .add(t).add(t);          //    And add 2*10^200
  return(r+"")                  //  Convert the BigInteger to a String
    .indexOf(n,                 //  And return the index of the input,
               1);}             //  skipping the 3 before the comma

Java 8, 211 byte (mã hóa cứng 200 chữ số)

"14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899862803482534211706798214808651328230664709384460955058223172535940812848111745028410270193852110555964462294895493038196"::indexOf

Chỉ số 0

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05AB1E , 6 byte

₁žs¦¹k

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Làm sao?

₁        push 256
 žs      push pi to 256 places
   ¦     remove the leading 3
    ¹    push the input
     k   index inside that string

MATL , 16 15 byte

YP8WY$4L)jXfX<q

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Giải trình

YP     % Push pi as a double
8W     % Push 2^8, that is, 256
Y$     % Compute pi with 256 significant digits using variable-precision arithmetic
       % The result as a string
4L)    % Remove first character. This is to avoid finding '3' in the integer part
       % of pi
j      % Push input as a string
Xf     % Strfind: gives array of indices of occurrences of the input string in the
       % pi string
X<     % Mimimum
q      % Subtract 1. Implicitly display

Gói số R +, 52 byte

regexec(scan(),substring(numbers::dropletPi(200),3))

Hãy thử trực tuyến!

dropletPitính 200 chữ số thập phân đầu tiên của pinhưng bao gồm một chữ số 3.ở đầu, vì vậy chúng tôi loại bỏ nó ra substringvà sau đó khớp với regexec, trả về chỉ số của trận đấu cùng với một số siêu dữ liệu về trận đấu.

Jelly, 23 bytes

⁵*⁹Ḥ;ȷḊ+J$¤×⁹:2¤:ɗ\SṾḊw

A monadic link accepting a list of characters (the integer to find) and returning the index. Works for inputs contained within the first 252 digits of the decimal part of π.

Try it online!

How?

This uses the Leibniz formula for π to calculate the first 253 digits including the leading 3 (plus four trailing incorrect digits). The leading 3 is then dropped and the index of the input is found:

⁵*⁹Ḥ;ȷḊ+J$¤×⁹:2¤:ɗ\SṾḊw - Link: list of characters
⁵                       - literal ten
  ⁹                     - literal 256
 *                      - exponentiate = 10000...0 (256 zeros)
   Ḥ                    - double       = 20000...0
          ¤             - nilad followed by links as a nilad:
     ȷ                  -   literal 1000
      Ḋ                 -   dequeue -> [2,3,4,5,...,1000]
         $              -   last two links as a monad:
        J               -     range of length -> [1,2,3,4,...,999]
       +                -     addition (vectorises) -> [3,5,7,9,...,1999]
    ;                   -   concatenate -> [20000...0,3,5,7,9,...,1999]
                  \     - cumulative reduce with:
                 ɗ      -   last three links as a dyad:
               ¤        -     nilad followed by link(s) as a nilad:
            ⁹           -       chain's right argument (the right of the pair as we traverse the pairs in the list -- 3, 5, 7, 9, ...)
              2         -       literal two
             :          -       integer division (i.e. 1, 2, 3, ...)
           ×            -     multiply (the left of the pair, the "current value", by that)
                :       -   integer divide by the right argument (i.e. 3, 5, 7, 9, ...)
                   S    - sum up the values (i.e. 20000...0 + 66666...6 + 26666...6 + 11428...2 + ... + 0)
                    Ṿ   - un-evaluate (makes the integer become a list of characters)
                     Ḋ  - dequeue (drop the '3')
                      w - first (1-based) index of sublist matching the input

If you prefer a list of digits as input use ⁵*⁹Ḥ;ȷḊ+J$¤×⁹:2¤:ɗ\SDḊw (also 23), while if you really want to give it an integer use ⁵*⁹Ḥ;ȷḊ+J$¤×⁹:2¤:ɗ\SDḊwD (for 24).

BASH (GNU/Linux), 75 67 66 bytes

Saved 1 byte thanks to Sophia Lechner, and 7 bytes thanks to Cows quack.

a=`bc -l<<<"scale=999;4*a(1)"|tail -c+2|grep -ob $1`;echo ${a%%:*}

This is a shell script that takes a single argument, which is the number. Test with

$ bash <script-path> 59
4

This script first executes a pipeline of three commands:

bc -l<<<"scale=999;4*a(1)"|    #produce pi with its first 999 fractional digits
tail -c+2|                     #cut off the "3."
grep -ob $1                    #compute the byte offsets of our argument in the string

The result of this pipeline is assigned to the shell variable a, which is then echoed out with anything but the first number removed:

a=`...`;         #assign the result of the pipeline to a variable
echo ${a%%:*}    #cleave off the first : character and anything following it

Unfortunately, bc has the tendency to break output lines when they become too long. This may lead to wrong results if the number to be found is not on the first line. You can avoid that by setting the environment variable BC_LINE_LENGTH:

export BC_LINE_LENGTH=0

This deactivates the line breaking feature completely.

Obviously, the last two commands may be omitted if other output is tolerated.
This gives a count of 48 bytes:

bc -l<<<"scale=999;4*a(1)"|tail -c+2|grep -ob $1

With the resulting output:

$ bash <script-path> 59
4:59
61:59
143:59
179:59
213:59
355:59
413:59
415:59
731:59
782:59
799:59
806:59
901:59
923:59
940:59
987:59

JavaScript, 197 187

^{-10: Thanks, Neil!}

x=>"50ood0hab15bq91k1j9wo6o2iro3by0h94bg3geu0dnnq5tcxz7lk62855h72el61sx7vzsm1thzibtd23br5tr3xu7wsekkpup10cek737o1gcr6t00p3qpccozbq0bfdtfmgk".replace(/.{9}/g,a=>parseInt(a,36)).search(x)+1

Takes a series of nine-digit base-36 integers, converts them to base 10, and concatenates them to create the first 200 digits of pi.

First time doing code golf. Use delegates and lambda expressions to reduce the function calls. V2 shorten class name into a single byte.

[C#], 361 355 bytes

using System;class P{static void Main(){Func<string,int>F=f=>"14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899862803482534211706798214808651328230664709384460955058223172535940812848111745028410270193852110555964462294895493038196".IndexOf(f)+1;Action<int>w=Console.WriteLine;w(F("1"));w(F("65"));w(F("93993"));w(F("3"));}}

Formatted version:

using System;

class P
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Func<string,int>F=f=>"14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899862803482534211706798214808651328230664709384460955058223172535940812848111745028410270193852110555964462294895493038196".IndexOf(f)+1;
        Action<int>w=Console.WriteLine;
        w(F("1"));
        w(F("65"));
        w(F("93993"));
        w(F("3"));
    }
}

Ideone!

NB.I miscounted the first version. It was 361 bytes, not 363 bytes.

[C#], tio version 218 bytes

f=>"14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899862803482534211706798214808651328230664709384460955058223172535940812848111745028410270193852110555964462294895493038196".IndexOf(f)+1

Try it online!

Haskell, 208 120 bytes

a=1333
x=tail$show$foldr(\p x->p`div`2*x`div`p+2*10^200)a[3,5..a]
x!n|take(length n)x==n=0|1<2=1+tail x!n
f n=1+x!show n

Try it online!

^{Many thanks to Jonathan Allan for his suggestions!}

Old version (208 bytes)

(+1).((tail$g(1,0,1,1,3,3))!)
g(q,r,t,k,n,l)=([n:g(10*q,10*(r-n*t),t,k,div(10*(3*q+r))t-10*n,l)|4*q+r-t<n*t]++[g(q*k,(2*q+r)*l,t*l,k+1,div(q*(7*k+2)+r*l)(t*l),l+2)])!!0
x!n|take(length n)x==n=0|1<2=1+tail x!n

I actually don't know how the code above works; I've taken it from this paper and all I implemented was the lookup part. g(1,0,1,1,3,3) returns the digits of pi and is surprisingly efficient (it computes 10 000 digits on tio.run in less than 4s).

The input is a list consisting of the digits of the number to be found.

Try it online!

Haskell, 230 bytes

Using laziness to find the number anywhere in the infinite digits of pi, not just in the first 200 digits. Oh yeah, and it returns you every (infinitely many?) instance(s) of the number, not just the first one.

p=g(1,0,1,1,3,3)where g(q,r,t,k,n,l)=if 4*q+r-t<n*t then n:g(10*q,10*(r-n*t),t,k,div(10*(3*q+r))t-10*n,l) else g(q*k,(2*q+r)*l,t*l,k+1,div(q*(7*k+2)+r*l)(t*l),l+2)
z n=[(i,take n$drop i p)|i<-[1..]]
f l=[n|(n,m)<-z$length l,m==l]

Examples from the challenge

>  take 10 $ f [1]
[1,3,37,40,49,68,94,95,103,110]
>  take 10 $ f [6,5]
[7,108,212,239,378,410,514,672,870,1013]
>  take 1 $ f [9,3,9,9,3]
[42]
>  take 10 $ f [3]
[9,15,17,24,25,27,43,46,64,86]

Credits

'p' is the infinite stream of pi digits, taken from https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Pi#Haskell

> take 20 p
[3,1,4,1,5,9,2,6,5,3,5,8,9,7,9,3,2,3,8,4]

SmileBASIC, 179 164 bytes

INPUT I$FOR I=0TO 103Q$=Q$+STR$(ASC("\A#YO &.+& O2TGE']KiRa1,;N(>VYb>P0*uCb0V3 RB/]T._2:H5;(Q0oJ2)&4n7;@.^Y6]&"[I]))NEXT?INSTR(Q$,I$)+1

Digits of pi are hardcoded and packed into the ascii values of characters. 14 -> CHR$(14), 15 -> CHR$(15), 92 -> \, 65 -> A, 35 -> #.

The string contains unprintable characters, so here are the bytes written in hexadecimal: 0E 0F 5C 41 23 59 4F 20 26 2E 1A 2B 26 20 4F 32 1C 54 13 47 45 27 5D 4B 69 52 00 61 31 2C 3B 17 00 4E 10 28 3E 56 14 59 62 3E 50 03 30 19 03 2A 75 00 43 62 15 30 00 56 33 20 52 1E 42 2F 00 5D 54 2E 00 5F 32 3A 16 1F 48 35 3B 28 51 1C 30 6F 4A 32 1C 29 00 1B 00 13 26 34 6E 37 3B 40 2E 16 5E 59 36 5D 00 26 13 06

In decimal, you can see the digits of pi: 14 15 92 65 35 89 79 32 38 46 26 43 38 32 79 50 28 84 19 71 69 39 93 75 105 82 0 97 49 44 59 23 0 78 16 40 62 86 20 89 98 62 80 3 48 25 3 42 117 0 67 98 21 48 0 86 51 32 82 30 66 47 0 93 84 46 0 95 50 58 22 31 72 53 59 40 81 28 48 111 74 50 28 41 0 27 0 19 38 52 110 55 59 64 46 22 94 89 54 93 0 38 19 6

Ruby, 37 35 bytes

p"#{BigMath::PI 200}"[3..-3]=~/#$_/

Try it online!

Nothing special, just showcasing the built-in library. Output is 0-indexed. The Pi string is formatted as 0.31415...e1, so we need to strip off the first 3 chars. The e1 part in the end doesn't really do any harm, but it is stripped off too, as we need to provide a range end (or slice length) value anyway.

Charcoal, 27 15 bytes

Ｉ⊖∨⌕Ｉ▷N⟦≕Piφ⟧θχ

Try it online! Link is to verbose version of code. Works up to nearly 1000 digits. Explanation:

        ≕Pi     Get variable `Pi`
           φ    Predefined variable 1000
     ▷N⟦    ⟧   Evaluate variable to specified precision
    Ｉ           Cast to string
             θ  First input
   ⌕            Find
              χ Predefined variable 10
   ∨             Logical OR
  ⊖              Decrement
 Ｉ               Cast to string
                 Implicitly print

Japt, 186 177 bytes

`nqnrvosrpruvtvpopuqsosqppÕÝvr¶uuqnvtnsvpvvptrnmruomvtqvqqrvopmÉæqÛàÑ$vvÔàmpqupqm¡vuqum«rnpopmssqtmvpuqqsmvrrmruoopÌÊprvqÛ$uqunnqr¶uqn¶tmnvpÔnmrrrvsqqsoovquvrqvpmpunvs`®c -#mÃbU

Since Japt shares Javascript's 15-digit Pi constraint and shoco, the encoding used by Japt, doesn't encode numbers, some shenanigans are required for compression.

Shortly explained, the beginning is the below string in encoded form:

"nqnrvosrpruvtvpopuqsosqppupotvrmouuqnvtnsvpvvptrnmruomvtqvqqrvopmtunsqmsousomuvvusoumpquorpqonntmstvuonqumusrnpouopmssqtmvpuqqsmvrrmruoopntorprvqmunouqunnntqrmouqnmotmnvpuronnmrrrvsqqsoovquvrqvpmpunvs"

Which is a string where each letter is 'm' + corresponding digit of pi. I tested the whole alphabet and that letter gives the best compression by a few bytes.

Backticks tell Japt to decode the string. The rest of it is pretty straightforward:

®c -#mÃbU
®          // Given the above string, map each letter
 c         // and return its charcode
   -#m     // minus the charcode of 'm', 109.
      Ã    // When that's done,
        bU // find the index of the implicit input U.

Outputs 0-based index of the matching fragment.
Shaved another two bytes off thanks to Oliver.

Try it online!

AWK -M , 131 119 117 bytes

Uses -M flag for arbitrary precision calculations. Added p=k=0 (5 bytes) to the TIO link to allow multi-line input

{CONVFMT="%.999f";PREC=1e3;for(p=k=0;k<1e3;)p+=(4/(8*k+1)-2/(8*k+4)-1/(8*k+5)-1/(8*k+6))/16^k++;$0=$1==3?9:index(p,$1)-2}1

Try it online!

Explanation:

{CONVFMT="%.999f";  # Allows 999 decimal digits to be used when numbers are convert to strings
PREC=1e3;           # Digits of precision to use for calculations
for(;k<1e3;)p+=(4/(8*k+1)-2/(8*k+4)-1/(8*k+5)-1/(8*k+6))/16^k++; # The most concise numerical calculation I could find. It doesn't converge  extremely rapidly, but it seems to work OK
$0=$1==3?9:index(p,$1)-2}  # Replace input line with either 9 or index-2
                           # since indices will either be 1 (meaning 3 was input) or >= 3
1                   # Print the "new" input line

Jelly, 24 bytes

ȷ*
ȷR×¢:Ḥ‘$ƲU×:¢+¢ʋ/ḤṾḊw

Try it online!

Use a Machin-like formula, specifically 1/4 pi == tan^-1(1/2) + tan^-1(1/3).

Use the formula pi/2 == 1 + 1/3 × (1 + 2/5 × (1 + 3/7 × (1 + 4/9 × ( ... ))))

Python 2 239 238 229 214 bytes

-9 bytes due to @primo

from bigfloat import*;a=s=n=10**10**5;b=k=0
while a:k+=1;a*=k*(k*(108-72*k)-46)+5;a/=k**3*(640320**3/24);s+=a;b+=k*a
with precision(10**7):print`(426880*sqrt(10005*n)*n)/(13591409*s+545140134*b)`.find(input())-16

Uses the Chudnovsky-Ramanujan algorithm to find the first 1 million digits 50000 digits of π (change 10**10**5 to 10**10**6 for more, but it takes ages to run) and then searches them for the desired string.

Visual Basic - 114 Bytes

Okay, first submission. Go easy on me!

    Dim s,p As String
    s=Console.Readline()
    p=Math.PI
    Console.Write((p.IndexOf(s,2)-1))

Feedback welcome!

I haven't restricted to the first 256 parts of PI as the question says "You don't have to", not "You shouldn't" Hope I'm doing this right :)

Javascript 217 bytes (200 hardcoded)

a=>"14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459230781640628620899862803482534211706798214808651328230664709384460955058223172535940812848111745028410270193852110555964462294895493038196".search(a)+1

PHP, 27 bytes

^{Not a very serieus answer, it requires a change in the php.ini settings as pi() defaults to 14 digits, not 200, but for once the PHP solution is fairly elegant:}

<?=strpos(pi(),$_GET[n])-1;

Julia 0.6, 53 bytes

setprecision(9^6)
x->searchindex("$(big(π))","$x",3)

Set the precision for BigFloats high enough, then convert pi to a string and search. Precision of 9^6 handles 159980 digits.

Try it online!

J, 25 Bytes

{.I.(}.":<.@o.10x^999)E.~

Try it online!

0-Indexed

Takes input as a string, +2 Bytes (":) if that's not allowed.

Explanation eventually.

Perl 5 with -MMath::BigFloat+bpi and -n, 20 bytes

bpi($>)=~/.$_/;say@-

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I'm not sure where usage of $> stands, since it's the EFFECTIVE_USER_ID which is not portable, but on TIO this is 1000 and satisfies our requirement, for -1 byte vs. 200.

Husk, 5 bytes

€tİπd

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€        The 1-based index as a substring of
    d    the decimal digits of
         the input
  İπ     in the infinite list of digits of pi
 t       after the radix point.