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 http://blog.char95.com/demos/daylight-on-google-maps/
    Sunrise/Sunset Algorithm
Source:
    Almanac for Computers, 1990
    published by Nautical Almanac Office
    United States Naval Observatory
    Washington, DC 20392
Inputs:
    day, month, year:      date of sunrise/sunset
    latitude, longitude:   location for sunrise/sunset
    zenith:                Sun's zenith for sunrise/sunset
      offical      = 90 degrees 50'
      civil        = 96 degrees
      nautical     = 102 degrees
      astronomical = 108 degrees
    NOTE: longitude is positive for East and negative for West
        NOTE: the algorithm assumes the use of a calculator with the
        trig functions in "degree" (rather than "radian") mode. Most
        programming languages assume radian arguments, requiring back
        and forth convertions. The factor is 180/pi. So, for instance,
        the equation RA = atan(0.91764 * tan(L)) would be coded as RA
        = (180/pi)*atan(0.91764 * tan((pi/180)*L)) to give a degree
        answer with a degree input for L.
1. first calculate the day of the year
    N1 = floor(275 * month / 9)
    N2 = floor((month + 9) / 12)
    N3 = (1 + floor((year - 4 * floor(year / 4) + 2) / 3))
    N = N1 - (N2 * N3) + day - 30
2. convert the longitude to hour value and calculate an approximate time
    lngHour = longitude / 15
    if rising time is desired:
      t = N + ((6 - lngHour) / 24)
    if setting time is desired:
      t = N + ((18 - lngHour) / 24)
3. calculate the Sun's mean anomaly
    M = (0.9856 * t) - 3.289
4. calculate the Sun's true longitude
    L = M + (1.916 * sin(M)) + (0.020 * sin(2 * M)) + 282.634
    NOTE: L potentially needs to be adjusted into the range [0,360) by adding/subtracting 360
5a. calculate the Sun's right ascension
    RA = atan(0.91764 * tan(L))
    NOTE: RA potentially needs to be adjusted into the range [0,360) by adding/subtracting 360
5b. right ascension value needs to be in the same quadrant as L
    Lquadrant  = (floor( L/90)) * 90
    RAquadrant = (floor(RA/90)) * 90
    RA = RA + (Lquadrant - RAquadrant)
5c. right ascension value needs to be converted into hours
    RA = RA / 15
6. calculate the Sun's declination
    sinDec = 0.39782 * sin(L)
    cosDec = cos(asin(sinDec))
7a. calculate the Sun's local hour angle
    cosH = (cos(zenith) - (sinDec * sin(latitude))) / (cosDec * cos(latitude))
    if (cosH >  1) 
      the sun never rises on this location (on the specified date)
    if (cosH < -1)
      the sun never sets on this location (on the specified date)
7b. finish calculating H and convert into hours
    if if rising time is desired:
      H = 360 - acos(cosH)
    if setting time is desired:
      H = acos(cosH)
    H = H / 15
8. calculate local mean time of rising/setting
    T = H + RA - (0.06571 * t) - 6.622
9. adjust back to UTC
    UT = T - lngHour
    NOTE: UT potentially needs to be adjusted into the range [0,24) by adding/subtracting 24
10. convert UT value to local time zone of latitude/longitude
    localT = UT + localOffset
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