Tôi đã làm một số thí nghiệm trong sân chơi và có một số kết luận.
TL; DR
Như bạn có thể thấy, trong trường hợp class
, việc sử dụng class func
hoặc static func
chỉ là một câu hỏi về thói quen.
Ví dụ sân chơi với lời giải thích:
class Dog {
final func identity() -> String {
return "Once a woofer, forever a woofer!"
}
class func talk() -> String {
return "Woof woof!"
}
static func eat() -> String {
return "Miam miam"
}
func sleep() -> String {
return "Zzz"
}
}
class Bulldog: Dog {
// Can not override a final function
// override final func identity() -> String {
// return "I'm once a dog but now I'm a cat"
// }
// Can not override a "class func", but redeclare is ok
func talk() -> String {
return "I'm a bulldog, and I don't woof."
}
// Same as "class func"
func eat() -> String {
return "I'm a bulldog, and I don't eat."
}
// Normal function can be overridden
override func sleep() -> String {
return "I'm a bulldog, and I don't sleep."
}
}
let dog = Dog()
let bullDog = Bulldog()
// FINAL FUNC
//print(Dog.identity()) // compile error
print(dog.identity()) // print "Once a woofer, forever a woofer!"
//print(Bulldog.identity()) // compile error
print(bullDog.identity()) // print "Once a woofer, forever a woofer!"
// => "final func" is just a "normal" one but prevented to be overridden nor redeclared by subclasses.
// CLASS FUNC
print(Dog.talk()) // print "Woof woof!", called directly from class
//print(dog.talk()) // compile error cause "class func" is meant to be called directly from class, not an instance.
print(Bulldog.talk()) // print "Woof woof!" cause it's called from Bulldog class, not bullDog instance.
print(bullDog.talk()) // print "I'm a bulldog, and I don't woof." cause talk() is redeclared and it's called from bullDig instance
// => "class func" is like a "static" one, must be called directly from class or subclassed, can be redeclared but NOT meant to be overridden.
// STATIC FUNC
print(Dog.eat()) // print "Miam miam"
//print(dog.eat()) // compile error cause "static func" is type method
print(Bulldog.eat()) // print "Miam miam"
print(bullDog.eat()) // print "I'm a bulldog, and I don't eat."
// NORMAL FUNC
//print(Dog.sleep()) // compile error
print(dog.sleep()) // print "Zzz"
//print(Bulldog.sleep()) // compile error
print(bullDog.sleep()) // print "I'm a bulldog, and I don't sleep."