Ai đó có thể vui lòng giải thích cong vênh thời gian động để xác định độ tương tự chuỗi thời gian không?

Tôi đang cố gắng nắm bắt các biện pháp cong vênh thời gian động để so sánh chuỗi thời gian với nhau. Tôi có ba bộ dữ liệu chuỗi thời gian như thế này:

T1 <- structure(c(0.000213652387565, 0.000535045478866, 0, 0, 0.000219346347883, 
0.000359669104424, 0.000269469145783, 0.00016051364366, 0.000181950509461, 
0.000385579332948, 0.00078170803205, 0.000747244535774, 0, 0.000622858922454, 
0.000689084895259, 0.000487983408564, 0.000224744353298, 0.000416449765747, 
0.000308388157895, 0.000198906016907, 0.000179549331179, 9.06289650172e-05, 
0.000253506844685, 0.000582896161212, 0.000386473429952, 0.000179839942451, 
0, 0.000275608635737, 0.000622665006227, 0.00036075036075, 0.00029057097196, 
0.000353232073472, 0.000394710874285, 0.000207555002076, 0.000402738622634, 
0, 0.000309693403531, 0.000506521463847, 0.000226988991034, 0.000414164423276, 
9.6590360282e-05, 0.000476689865573, 0.000377572210685, 0.000378967314069, 
9.25240562546e-05, 0.000172309813044, 0.000447627573859, 0, 0.000589333071408, 
0.000191699415317, 0.000362943471554, 0.000287549122975, 0.000311688311688, 
0.000724112961622, 0.000434656621269, 0.00122292103424, 0.00177549812586, 
0.00308008213552, 0.00164338537387, 0.00176056338028, 0.00180072028812, 
0.00258939580764, 0.00217548948513, 0.00493015612161, 0.00336344416683, 
0.00422716412424, 0.00313360554553, 0.00540144648906, 0.00425728829246, 
0.0046828437633, 0.00397219463754, 0.00501656412683, 0.00492700729927, 
0.00224424911165, 0.000634696755994, 0.00120550276557, 0.00125313283208, 
0.00164551010813, 0.00143575017947, 0.00237006940918, 0.00236686390533, 
0.00420336269015, 0.00329840900272, 0.00242005185825, 0.00326554846371, 
0.006217237596, 0.0037103784586, 0.0038714672861, 0.00455830066551, 
0.00361747518783, 0.00304147465438, 0.00476801760499, 0.00569875504121, 
0.00583855136233, 0.0050566695728, 0.0042220072126, 0.00408237321963, 
0.00255222610833, 0.00123507616303, 0.00178136133508, 0.00147434637311, 
0.00126742712294, 0.00186590371937, 0.00177226406735, 0.00249154653853, 
0.00549127279859, 0.00349072202829, 0.00348027842227, 0.00229555236729, 
0.00336862367661, 0.00383477593952, 0.00273999412858, 0.00349618180145, 
0.00376108175875, 0.00383351588171, 0.00368928059028, 0.00480028982882, 
0.00388823582602, 0.00745054380406, 0.0103754506287, 0.00822677278011, 
0.00778350981989, 0.0041831792162, 0.00537228238059, 0.00723645609231, 
0.0144428396845, 0.00893333333333, 0.0106231171714, 0.0158367059652, 
0.01811729548, 0.0207095263821, 0.0211700064641, 0.017604180993, 
0.0165804327375, 0.0188679245283, 0.0191859923629, 0.0269251008595, 
0.0351239669421, 0.0283510318573, 0.0346557651212, 0.0270022042616, 
0.0260845175767, 0.0349758630112, 0.0207069247809, 0.0106362024818, 
0.00981093510475, 0.00916507201128, 0.00887198986058, 0.0073929115025, 
0.00659077291791, 0.00716191546131, 0.00942304513143, 0.0106886280007, 
0.0123527175979, 0.0171022290546, 0.0142909490656, 0.0157642220699, 
0.0265140538974, 0.0194395354708, 0.0241685144124, 0.0229897123662, 
0.017921889568, 0.0155115839714, 0.0145263157895, 0.017609281127, 
0.0157671315949, 0.0190258751903, 0.0138453217956, 0.00958058335108, 
0.0122924304507, 0.00929741151611, 0.00885235535884, 0.00509319462505, 
0.0061314863177, 0.0063104189044, 0.00729117134253, 0.010843373494, 
0.0217755443886, 0.0181687353841, 0.0155402963498, 0.017310022503, 
0.0214746959003, 0.026357827476, 0.0194751217195, 0.0196820590462, 
0.0184317400812, 0.0130208333333, 0.0128666035951, 0.0120045731707, 
0.0122374253228, 0.00874940561103, 0.0114368092263, 0.00922893718369, 
0.00479041916168, 0.00644107774653, 0.00775830595108, 0.00829578041786, 
0.00681348095875, 0.00573782551125, 0.00772002058672, 0.0112488083889, 
0.00908907291456, 0.0157722638969, 0.00994270306707, 0.0134179772039, 
0.0126050420168, 0.0113648781554, 0.0153894803415, 0.0126959699913, 
0.0116655865198, 0.0112065745237, 0.0122006737686, 0.010251878038, 
0.010891174691, 0.0148273273273, 0.0138516532618, 0.0136552722011, 
0.00986993819758, 0.0097852677358, 0.00889011089726, 0.00816723383568, 
0.00917641660931, 0.00884466556108, 0.0182179529646, 0.0183156760639, 
0.0217806648835, 0.0171099125907, 0.0186579938377, 0.019360390076, 
0.0144603654529, 0.0177730696798, 0.0153226598566, 0.0134016909516, 
0.0126480805202, 0.0115501519757, 0.0127156322248, 0.0124326204138, 
0.0240245215806, 0.0130234933606, 0.0144222706691, 0.00854005693371, 
0.0053560967445, 0.00504132231405, 0.00288778877888, 0.00593526847816, 
0.00455653279644, 0.00433014040152, 0.00535770564135, 0.0131095962244, 
0.0126319758673, 0.0154982879798, 0.0125940464508, 0.0169948745616, 
0.0257535512184, 0.0256175663312, 0.0265191262043, 0.0228974403622, 
0.0193122555411, 0.0165794768612, 0.015658837248, 0.0168208578638, 
0.0129912843282, 0.0119498443154, 0.0112663755459, 0.00838112042347, 
0.00925767186696, 0.0113408269771, 0.0210861519924, 0.0156036134684, 
0.0121687119728, 0.011006497812, 0.0107891491985, 0.0134615384615, 
0.0147229755909, 0.015756893641, 0.0176257128046, 0.016776075857, 
0.0169553999263, 0.0179193118984, 0.0190055672874, 0.0183088625509, 
0.0155489923558, 0.0152507401094, 0.0160748342567, 0.0161532350605, 
0.0139190952588, 0.0161469457497, 0.0118186629035, 0.0109259765092, 
0.00950587391265, 0.00928986154533, 0.00815520645549, 0.00702576112412, 
0.00709539362541, 0.00827287768869, 0.0104688211197, 0.0130375888927, 
0.0160891089109, 0.0188415910677, 0.0203265044814, 0.0183175033921, 
0.0139940353292, 0.0124648170487, 0.0131685758095, 0.00957428620277, 
0.0119647893342, 0.00835800104475, 0.0101892285298, 0.00904207699194, 
0.00772134522992, 0.00740740740741, 0.00776823249863, 0.00642254601227, 
0.00484237572883, 0.00361539964823, 0.00414811817078, 0.00358072916667, 
0.00433306007729, 0.00485008818342, 0.00905280804694, 0.00931847250137, 
0.00779271381259, 0.00779912497622, 0.00908230842006, 0.0058152538582, 
0.0102777777778, 0.00807537012113, 0.00648535564854, 0.0145492582731, 
0.00694127317563, 0.00759878419453, 0.00789242911429, 0.00635050701629, 
0.00785233530492, 0.00607964332759, 0.00531968282646, 0.00361944157187, 
0.00305157155935, 0.00276327909119, 0.00318820364651, 0.00184464029514, 
0.00412550211703, 0.00516567972786, 0.00463655399342, 0.00702897308418, 
0.0100714154917, 0.00791168353266, 0.00959190791768, 0.00736, 
0.00738007380074, 0.012573964497, 0.0117919562013, 0.00842919476398, 
0.00778887565289, 0.00623967700496, 0.0062232955601, 0.00447815755803, 
0.00511135450894, 0.00502557659517, 0.00330328263712), .Tsp = c(1, 
15.9583333333333, 24), class = "ts")

T2 <- structure(c(0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000109673173942, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9.66183574879e-05, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9.43930526713e-05, 
0, 0, 0, 8.95255147717e-05, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.000191699415317, 0.000207792207792, 
0, 0, 0, 0.00019727756954, 0.000205338809035, 0.000205423171734, 
0.000704225352113, 0.000450180072029, 0.000493218249075, 0.000120860526952, 
0.000410846343468, 0.000384393619066, 0.000643264105863, 0.000189915487608, 
0.000915499404925, 0.000185099490976, 0.000936568752661, 0.000451385754266, 
0.000757217226692, 0.000273722627737, 0.000187020759304, 0.000211565585331, 
0.000141823854772, 9.63948332369e-05, 0.000117536436295, 0.000287150035894, 
0, 0, 0.000400320256205, 0.000388048117967, 0.000345721694036, 
0.000296868042155, 0.000609533097647, 0.000424043252412, 0.000290360046458, 
0.000546996079861, 0.000556534644282, 0.00036866359447, 0.000275077938749, 
0.000964404699281, 0.00152310035539, 0.00113339145597, 0.00061570938517, 
0.000362877619523, 0.000472634464505, 0.000102923013586, 0.000187511719482, 
0.000294869274622, 0.00011522064754, 0.000248787162582, 0, 0.00035593521979, 
0.000392233771328, 0.000551166636046, 0.000165727543918, 0.000143472022956, 
0.00012030798845, 0.000438260107374, 0.000195713866327, 0.000184009568498, 
0.000537297394108, 0.000365096750639, 0.000102480016397, 0.000452857531021, 
0.000180848177955, 0.000770745910765, 0.00219818869252, 0.000357685773048, 
0.000362023712553, 0.000660501981506, 0.000419709560984, 0.000488949735967, 
0.00177758026886, 4e-04, 0.000475661962898, 0.000879816998064, 
0.0014942099365, 0.00378173960022, 0.00274725274725, 0.00192545729611, 
0.0016462841016, 0.00176238855484, 0.00260780478718, 0.00447289949132, 
0.0034435261708, 0.00290522941294, 0.002694416055, 0.0041329904482, 
0.00729244577412, 0.0296930503689, 0.00982375036117, 0.00453023439039, 
0.00327031170158, 0.00221573169503, 0.00211237853823, 0.00108719286801, 
0.00131815458358, 0.000983008004494, 0.00132253265002, 0.00227790432802, 
0.00247054351957, 0.00307455803228, 0.0029314767314, 0.00222755311857, 
0.00492610837438, 0.00454430699318, 0.00753880266075, 0.00671845475541, 
0.00590490003108, 0.00288356368698, 0.00294736842105, 0.00248601615911, 
0.00197089144936, 0.00326157860404, 0.00302866414278, 0.00202256759634, 
0.00258788009489, 0.00169043845747, 0.00137000737696, 0.000433463372345, 
0.000908368343363, 0.000805585392052, 0.00142653352354, 0.00189328743546, 
0.00558347292016, 0.00161899622234, 0.00162631008312, 0.00276960360048, 
0.00585673524553, 0.00519169329073, 0.0045125282033, 0.00562344544176, 
0.00322815786733, 0.00330528846154, 0.00255439924314, 0.00285823170732, 
0.00240894199268, 0.00218735140276, 0.00201826045171, 0.00168701002282, 
0.000460617227084, 0.00127007166833, 0.00109529025192, 0.000819336337567, 
0.00158170093685, 0.000588494924231, 0.00120089209127, 0.00305052430887, 
0.00161583518481, 0.00211579149837, 0.0010111223458, 0.00346270379455, 
0.00228091236495, 0.00207627581685, 0.00295140718878, 0.0022121765894, 
0.00240718451995, 0.00224131490474, 0.0031867431485, 0.00176756517897, 
0.00233382314807, 0.00178303303303, 0.00169794459339, 0.00162778079219, 
0.000737939304492, 0.00135906496331, 0.000733205022454, 0.000875060768109, 
0.00114705207616, 0.000967385295744, 0.00182179529646, 0.00359130903214, 
0.00420328620558, 0.00446345545843, 0.00376583361862, 0.00659687365553, 
0.00433810963586, 0.00353107344633, 0.00333955407131, 0.00341788091383, 
0.0024939877082, 0.00538428137212, 0.00906989151698, 0.00773778473309, 
0.0210421671775, 0.00859720803541, 0.00511487506289, 0.00406669377796, 
0.00117164616286, 0.00206611570248, 0.00107260726073, 0.00148381711954, 
0.000741761152909, 0.00104973100643, 0.00110305704381, 0.00209753539591, 
0.00452488687783, 0.00486574157506, 0.00850507033039, 0.0101159967629, 
0.0163991223005, 0.0150452373691, 0.0156443766097, 0.0112310639039, 
0.00635593220339, 0.00627766599598, 0.00583041812427, 0.00622371740959, 
0.00624897220852, 0.00420769166036, 0.00305676855895, 0.00291133656815, 
0.00120006857535, 0.00501806503412, 0.00490575781048, 0.00593119810202, 
0.00226874291018, 0.00304999336958, 0.00339087546239, 0.00541958041958, 
0.00445563734986, 0.00431438754455, 0.0038016243304, 0.0037928519329, 
0.00491460867428, 0.00460782305959, 0.00508734881935, 0.00300725278613, 
0.00390896455872, 0.00367811967345, 0.00953591862683, 0.00529614264278, 
0.00243584167029, 0.00427167876976, 0.00291056623743, 0.00227624510607, 
0.00439422473321, 0.00232246538633, 0.00317623830372, 0.00263466042155, 
0.00180200473026, 0.00190912562047, 0.0034896070399, 0.00338638672536, 
0.00548090523338, 0.00697836706211, 0.00720230473752, 0.00746268656716, 
0.00367056664373, 0.0032167269803, 0.00523135203391, 0.00299196443837, 
0.00299119733356, 0.00287306285913, 0.00154657933042, 0.00214861235452, 
0.00163006177076, 0.00157407407407, 0.00137086455858, 0.00124616564417, 
0.000790591955727, 0.00107484854407, 0.00121408336706, 0.00108506944444, 
0.00105398758637, 0.000881834215168, 0.00184409052808, 0.00237529691211, 
0.0013637249172, 0.00190222560396, 0.00264900662252, 0.00156564526951, 
0.00263888888889, 0.00183531139117, 0.00303347280335, 0.0120768352986, 
0.00365330167139, 0.00351443768997, 0.00263080970476, 0.0029703984431, 
0.00265143789517, 0.0014185834431, 0.00150557061126, 0.00144777662875, 
0.00111890957176, 0.000716405690308, 0.000797050911627, 0.000512400081984, 
0.000868526761481, 0.00113392969636, 0.00134609632067, 0.00240013715069, 
0.00128181651712, 0.00110395584177, 0.00156958493198, 0.00208, 
0.00184501845018, 0.00110946745562, 0.000736997262582, 0.00208250694169, 
0.00229084578026, 0.00137639933933, 0.00111462010032, 0.000822518735149, 
0.00200803212851, 0.000987166831194, 0.00041291032964), .Tsp = c(1, 
15.9583333333333, 24), class = "ts")

T3 <- structure(c(0.00192287148809, 0.00149812734082, 0.00192410475681, 
0.00151122625216, 0.00120640491336, 0.00167845582065, 0.00121261115602, 
0.000802568218299, 0.00109170305677, 0.00250626566416, 0.00273597811218, 
0.00242854474127, 0.00160915430002, 0.00124571784491, 0.00192943770673, 
0.00329388800781, 0.00191032700303, 0.00156168662155, 0.00174753289474, 
0.0014917951268, 0.00143639464943, 0.000543773790103, 0.000929525097178, 
0.00141560496294, 0.000966183574879, 0.000719359769805, 0.00190740419629, 
0.00137804317869, 0.00197177251972, 0.001443001443, 0.00203399680372, 
0.00158954433063, 0.00256562068285, 0.00228310502283, 0.00302053966975, 
0.00227352221056, 0.00263239393001, 0.00202608585539, 0.00272386789241, 
0.00269206875129, 0.0027045300879, 0.00276480122033, 0.00405890126487, 
0.00341070582662, 0.00351591413768, 0.00336004135436, 0.00358102059087, 
0.00257289879931, 0.00235733228563, 0.00239624269146, 0.00136103801833, 
0.000862647368926, 0.00145454545455, 0.00168959691045, 0.00246305418719, 
0.0020964360587, 0.00335371868219, 0.00390143737166, 0.00349219391947, 
0.00334507042254, 0.00255102040816, 0.00332922318126, 0.00386753686246, 
0.00246507806081, 0.00432442821449, 0.00312442565705, 0.00408318298357, 
0.00375354756019, 0.00416473854697, 0.00263942103023, 0.0028888688273, 
0.00321817321344, 0.00310218978102, 0.002150738732, 0.00296191819464, 
0.00134732662034, 0.00221708116445, 0.00152797367184, 0.00157932519742, 
0.00220077873709, 0.00207100591716, 0.00260208166533, 0.00310438494373, 
0.00311149524633, 0.00385928454802, 0.00292575886871, 0.00222622707516, 
0.00329074719319, 0.00282614641262, 0.00287542899545, 0.00221198156682, 
0.00311754997249, 0.00315623356128, 0.00287696733796, 0.00296425457716, 
0.00263875450787, 0.00208654631226, 0.00179601096512, 0.00164676821737, 
0.00206262891431, 0.00235895419697, 0.00241963359834, 0.0028610523697, 
0.00516910352976, 0.00160170848905, 0.00254951951363, 0.00275583318023, 
0.00298309579052, 0.00286944045911, 0.00288739172281, 0.00394434096636, 
0.00254428026226, 0.00285214831171, 0.0034924330617, 0.00246440306681, 
0.00266448042632, 0.00389457476678, 0.00253187449136, 0.00171276869059, 
0.00184647850171, 0.00134132164893, 0.00153860077835, 0.000990752972259, 
0.00117518677075, 0.00312927831019, 0.00188867903566, 0.0024, 
0.00269541778976, 0.00263945099419, 0.00242809114681, 0.00378173960022, 
0.00274725274725, 0.00165039196809, 0.00211665098777, 0.00290275761974, 
0.00149017416411, 0.00105244693913, 0.00309917355372, 0.00240432779002, 
0.00297314875035, 0.0015613519471, 0.00196335078534, 0.00227707441479, 
0.00279302706347, 0.00295450068938, 0.00316811446091, 0.00211501661799, 
0.00168990283059, 0.00195694716243, 0.00131815458358, 0.00112343771942, 
0.00214911555629, 0.00157701068863, 0.00171037628278, 0.00230591852421, 
0.00183217295713, 0.00102810143934, 0.00130396986381, 0.00151476899773, 
0.00188470066519, 0.00220449296662, 0.00238267895991, 0.00238639753406, 
0.00147368421053, 0.00113942407292, 0.0018192844148, 0.00152207001522, 
0.00151433207139, 0.00117096018735, 0.000862626698296, 0.00095087163233, 
0.00137000737696, 0.00119202427395, 0.00170319064381, 0.000805585392052, 
0.0012680297987, 0.00189328743546, 0.00186115764005, 0.000719553876597, 
0.000903505601735, 0.000865501125151, 0.00210241778045, 0.00146432374867, 
0.00130625816411, 0.0011895749973, 0.00135374362178, 0.00120192307692, 
0.00160832544939, 0.0015243902439, 0.00240894199268, 0.00218735140276, 
0.00230658337338, 0.00188548179022, 0.0016582220175, 0.00263086274154, 
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0.000897397547113, 0.00222869878279, 0.00201428309833, 0.00202391904324, 
0.00244157656087, 0.00256, 0.00184501845018, 0.00160256410256, 
0.00115813855549, 0.0016858389528, 0.001741042793, 0.0026610387227, 
0.00167193015047, 0.00201060135259, 0.00219058050383, 0.00233330341919, 
0.000963457435827), .Tsp = c(1, 15.9583333333333, 24), class = "ts")

Tôi biết rằng T1 và T2 có mối tương quan và coi chúng là sự thật mặt đất nên bất kỳ số liệu khoảng cách nào cũng sẽ cho tôi biết rằng (T1, T2) gần hơn so với (T2, T3) và (T1, T3). Tuy nhiên, khi sử dụng dtwtrong R, tôi nhận được như sau:

> dtw(T1, T2, k = TRUE)$distance; dtw(T1, T3, k = TRUE)$distance; dtw(T3, T2, k = TRUE)$distance
[1] 1.107791
[1] 1.568011
[1] 0.4102962

Ai đó có thể vui lòng giải thích cách sử dụng Độ cong thời gian động cho các truy vấn lân cận gần nhất không?

Độ cong thời gian động tạo ra một giả định cụ thể trên tập dữ liệu của bạn: một vectơ là một chuỗi phân tầng thời gian phi tuyến tính của cái kia. Nhưng nó cũng giả định rằng các giá trị thực tế nằm trên cùng một tỷ lệ.

$x=1..10000$$a(x)=1\cdot\sin(0.01*x)$$b(x)=1\cdot\sin(0.01234*x)$$c(x)=1000\cdot\sin(0.01*x)$

$a$$b$$a$$c$$a$$c$$a$$b$

DTW không phải là vũ khí ma thuật của bạn để giải quyết tất cả các nhu cầu phù hợp với chuỗi thời gian của bạn. Nó đưa ra các giả định cụ thể về loại tương tự mà bạn quan tâm . Nếu điều đó không khớp với dữ liệu của bạn, nó sẽ không hoạt động tốt. Đánh giá từ chuỗi dữ liệu bạn đã chia sẻ, bạn không cần căn chỉnh thời gian (mà DTW thực hiện), nhưng thực tế một số biến đổi chuẩn hóa phù hợp và có thể thay đổi phạm vi. Treshkeep băng qua khoảng cách cũng có thể làm việc tốt cho bạn, xem ví dụ:

• Tìm kiếm sự tương đồng trên chuỗi thời gian dựa trên các câu hỏi ngưỡng ngưỡng
  Julian Aßfache, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Peer Kröger, Peter Kunath, Alexey Pryakhin và Matthias Renz, EDBT 2006

Trong những năm 1980, cong vênh thời gian động là phương pháp được sử dụng để khớp mẫu trong nhận dạng giọng nói. Mục đích là để cố gắng khớp chuỗi thời gian của bài phát biểu được phân tích với các mẫu được lưu trữ, thường là toàn bộ từ. Khó khăn là mọi người nói ở mức giá khác nhau. DTW đã được sử dụng để đăng ký mẫu chưa biết vào mẫu. Nó được gọi là "tấm cao su" phù hợp. Về cơ bản, bạn tìm kiếm thông qua một số khả năng bị hạn chế về cách chuỗi thời gian có thể được kéo dài cục bộ để tối ưu hóa sự phù hợp toàn cầu. Cách tiếp cận này đã được chứng minh là khá giống với các mô hình Markov ẩn.

Đầu tiên, bạn nói "số liệu cong vênh thời gian động", tuy nhiên DTW là thước đo khoảng cách, nhưng không phải là số liệu (nó không tuân theo bất đẳng thức tam giác).

Paper [a] so sánh DTW với 12 lựa chọn thay thế trên 43 bộ dữ liệu, DTW thực sự hoạt động rất tốt cho hầu hết các vấn đề.

Nếu bạn muốn tìm hiểu thêm về DTW, bạn có thể xem lướt qua hướng dẫn của Keoghs http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~eamonn/Keogh_Time_Series_CDrom.zip (cảnh báo 500 meg)

Đường chuyền là chốt.

Ngoài ra còn có một hướng dẫn về SAX http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~eamonn/SIGKDD_2007.ppt

[a] Xiaoyue Wang, Hui Đinh, Goce Trajcevski, Peter Scheuermann, Eamonn J. Keogh: So sánh thử nghiệm các phương pháp biểu diễn và đo khoảng cách cho dữ liệu chuỗi thời gian CoRR abs / 1012.2789: (2010)