Tôi đã viết một tập lệnh để tự động hóa tất cả việc tải xuống, biên dịch và cài đặt các phiên bản Python không gói. Kịch bản cài đặt phiên bản Python /optmột cách an toàn khỏi trình quản lý gói và phiên bản hệ thống của Python.
Nó thậm chí còn lấy các phụ thuộc cũng như cho hầu hết các phiên bản Ubuntu. Nó nên hoạt động trên tất cả các phiên bản Ubuntu hiện được hỗ trợ (10.04, 12.04, 12.10 và 13.04) và có thể trên các phiên bản khác.
Tôi bao gồm nó bên dưới và cũng đã đăng nó tại kho Github của tôi , đó là vị trí chính.
Tập lệnh nên được sao chép và lưu vào trình soạn thảo văn bản, ví dụ, build_pythonvà được thực thi ( chmod u+x build_python) và sau đó có thể được chạy với hai tham số, trong đó tham số đầu tiên phải luôn là nhánh Python và tham số thứ hai phải luôn là Phiên bản Python.
Xem python.org để biết danh sách cho phiên bản bạn muốn biên dịch.
Dưới đây là một vài ví dụ về cách sử dụng tập lệnh:
Để phát hành ổn định, sau khi đã kiểm tra danh sách, nó có thể được chạy dưới dạng
./build_python '3.3.2' '3.3.2'
Đối với bản phát hành phát triển, trong đó hai tham số khác nhau trong danh sách, nó có thể được chạy dưới dạng:
./build_python '3.4.0' '3.4.0a1'
Phần thân của tập lệnh được sao chép bên dưới (không có cú pháp tô sáng ở đây. Để biết điều đó, hãy xem trang Github của tôi :
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# by mik, aka Exactus29, https://github.com/Exactus29
#
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
##########
# a script to compile the latest stable version of Python and place in /opt
(( $# == 2 )) || { printf "Please provide a version branch (e.g. 3.4.0) and a version release (e.g. 3.4.0a1) in that order.\n"
printf "The official site is python.org, see the ftp server at: http://python.org/ftp/python.\n" >&2 ; exit 1; }
# a splew of variables, so that just the version number can be given on the cmd line
# and then then the script can do the rest, including verifying the packages using gpg
# need different branch and version as sometimes the two are different, particularly for dev releases
py_branch="$1"
py_version="$2"
shift 2
# check if install target already exists in /opt, and exit so user can decide what to do
if [[ -d /opt/python-${py_version} ]]; then
printf "Target directory for the build already exists, please rename or remove.\n" >&2
exit 1
else
:
fi
# use tar.bz2 as that is what most of the older releases used, i.e. in case user tries to build an older release
py_url="http://python.org/ftp/python/${py_branch}/Python-${py_version}.tar.bz2"
py_asc="http://python.org/ftp/python/${py_branch}/Python-${py_version}.tar.bz2.asc"
py_dir="$HOME/src/python_build" # checked to exist later, etc
# first check if user requested file exists on server
wget --spider ${py_url} >/dev/null 2>&1
(( $? > 0 )) && printf "No such version, version ${py_version} does not exist\n" >&2 && exit 1
# now very important before we do anything else, to check if asc file exists, as it doesn't for some downloads
# if we don't check and it doesn't exist it causes the script to exit
wget --spider ${py_asc} >/dev/null 2>&1
# set a flag re whether asc file exists, so can check later and avoid problems
(( $? > 0 )) && no_asc=1 || no_asc=0
# set up more variables
py_tarbz2="${py_url##*/}"
(( no_asc == 0 )) && py_tarbz2_asc="${py_asc##*/}" # only set this if there is an asc file
py_folder="${py_tarbz2%.*.*}"
py_gpg_key=""
# check other build dependencies are installed, beyond build-dep, sqlite support, readline, ncurses, build-essential
dependencies_check() {
local installed=()
local to_be_installed=()
local dependencies_list=(build-essential wget libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev libssl1.0.0 tk8.5-dev zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev
libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 bzip2 libbz2-dev)
for package in "${dependencies_list[@]}"; do
if grep -iq '^ii' < <(dpkg -l "$package"); then
installed+=("$package")
else
to_be_installed+=("$package")
fi
done 2>/dev/null
if (( ${#to_be_installed[@]} > 0 )); then
printf "If you have recently elevated your privileges with sudo, you will not see a "
printf "prompt here, before the apt-get update and install of packages occurs.\n"
sleep 2
sudo -p "We need to install some dependencies, please enter your password: " apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y install "${to_be_installed[@]}"
return 0
else
printf "\nNothing to install, proceeding.\n"
return 0
fi
}
# tailor build-dep to new python version we want to build, basically either 2x or 3x versions
# should work with at least lucid/precise/quantal/raring/saucy, the currently supported versions
if (( ${py_branch:0:1} == 3 )) && grep -iq 'precise' /etc/lsb-release 2>/dev/null; then
sudo -p "Please provide your password to install dependencies: " apt-get build-dep python3.2 && dependencies_check
elif (( ${py_branch:0:1} == 3 )) && grep -Eiq '(raring|quantal|saucy)' /etc/lsb-release 2>/dev/null; then
sudo -p "Please provide your password to install dependencies: " apt-get build-dep python3.3 && dependencies_check
elif [[ ${py_branch:0:3} == 2.7 ]] && grep -iq 'lucid' /etc/lsb-release 2>/dev/null; then
sudo -p "Please provide your password to install dependencies: " apt-get build-dep python2.6 && dependencies_check
elif [[ ${py_branch:0:3} == 2.7 ]]; then
sudo -p "Please provide your password to install dependencies: " apt-get build-dep python2.7 && dependencies_check
else
printf "\nProceeding, but make sure you have the correct build deps installed.\n\n"
sleep 2
fi
# dir checks
if [[ -d $HOME/src ]]; then
cd $HOME/src || exit 1
else
mkdir $HOME/src && cd $HOME/src
fi
if [[ -d ${py_dir} ]]; then
mv "${py_dir}" "${py_dir}_old_$(date '+%F_%H_%M_%S')"
mkdir "${py_dir##*/}" && cd "${py_dir##*/}"
else
mkdir "${py_dir##*/}" && cd "${py_dir##*/}"
fi
# finally, download python
printf "\nNow downloading version ${py_version} from branch ${py_branch} ....."
wget "${py_url}" -P "${py_dir}" >/dev/null 2>&1
(( $? == 0 )) && printf "Done.\n"
# only download asc if it exists, set flag earlier
(( no_asc == 0 )) && wget "${py_asc}" -P "${py_dir}" >/dev/null 2>&1
# gpg tests
gpg_test() {
# if error returned, extract gpg key from error message
py_gpg_key="$(gpg --verify "${py_tarbz2_asc}" "${py_tarbz2}" 2>&1 | awk '{ print $NF }' | grep -v found)"
# now check with gpg_key (should be Python release signing key)
printf "\nReceiving keys.. "
gpg --recv-keys "${py_gpg_key}" >/dev/null 2>&1
(( $? > 0)) && printf "Key could not be received\n" || printf "Done.\n"
printf "\nVerifying download... "
gpg --verify "${py_tarbz2_asc}" "${py_tarbz2}" >/dev/null 2>&1
(( $? > 0 )) && printf "The download could not be verified.\n" || printf "Done.\n"
}
if (( no_asc == 0 )); then
gpg --verify "${py_tarbz2_asc}" "${py_tarbz2}" >/dev/null 2>&1
if (( $? > 0 )); then
gpg_test
else
printf "\nDownload verified\n\n"
fi
else
printf "\nProceeding even though asc file is not available for gpg to verify download\n\n"
sleep 1
fi
# unpack and cd to the python folder
printf "Unpacking archive...."
tar xvjf "${py_folder}.tar.bz2" >/dev/null 2>&1
(( $? == 0 )) && printf "Done.\n" || { printf "Problems occured when unpacking, exiting\n" >&2; exit 1; }
cd "${py_folder}" || exit 1
# tailor the build to your machine here with configure and make
printf "\nNow for the configure (default prefix is /opt/python-${py_version})...."
sleep 2
./configure --prefix=/opt/python-${py_version} >/dev/null 2>&1
# as configure and make will exit anyway on error, no need to add || alternatives to the tests below
(( $? == 0 )) && printf "Done.\n\n"
sleep 1
printf "\nNow for the compile. (If necessary, please add your own specifications to the make command line and run the script again)\n"
printf "\nPlease wait for the compile to finish: it may take a while...."
make >/dev/null 2>&1
(( $? == 0 )) && printf "Done.\n\n"
printf "\nWe are installing with make install into /opt, instead of using checkinstall.\n"
sudo make install >/dev/null 2>&1
installcode=$?
(( $installcode == 0 )) && printf "\n${py_version} succesfully installed in /opt/python-${py_version}\n\n"
if [[ -d $HOME/bin ]]; then
ln -s /opt/python-${py_version}/bin/python${py_version:0:3} ~/bin/py-${py_version}
(( $? == 0 )) && printf "\nSymlink created, run py-${py_version} in the terminal to launch the interpreter\n"
else
mkdir $HOME/bin && ln -s /opt/python-${py_version}/bin/python${py_version:0:3} ~/bin/py-${py_version}
(( $? == 0 )) && printf "\nSymlink created, run py-${py_version} in the terminal to launch the interpreter\n"
printf "\nHowever, you will not be able to call py-${py_version} until you have logged out and in again, as bin will not"
printf " have been added to your path just as $HOME/bin is created.\nn"
fi
# important info re setting up pyvenv re distribute tools and pip etc
cat <<extra_info
See also a program called pyvenv with your installation in /opt,
with which you can create a virtual environment and use tools
such as pip, etc. See the official documentation at:
http://docs.python.org/3.3/using/scripts.html#pyvenv-creating-virtual-environments
extra_info
sleep 2
exit ${installcode}